Products related to Energy:
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District Energy System Design : Simulation, Optimization and Decision Support
The articles presented in this Special Issue cover different aspects of the urban planning process, such as simulation, optimization or decision-making. The authors highlighted the importance of performing an integrated design of the district, considering different sectors, different energy vectors and different operation modes. In order to better integrate renewable and residual energy sources (R2ES), careful design of systems and storage solutions should be performed. Different storage solutions were tested, ranging from large-scale thermal energy storage to vehicle batteries or the thermal mass of buildings. Van der Heijde et al. (2019) proposed a two-layer design optimization algorithm to design a district heating network with solar thermal collectors, seasonal thermal energy storage and excess heat injection. Pajot et al. (2019) also performed an optimization of the sizing and control of energy systems in a district equipped with heat pumps, with thermal energy storage or thermal mass utilization. A hybrid distribution system, coupling the thermal and electrical networks, was proposed by Widl et al. (2019). Arnaudo et al. (2019) used the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) concept to decrease the overloading of the electrical distribution network during heat pump operation. Finally, Kazmi et al. (2019) proposed an integrated decision-making planning approach for a better integration of R2ES in the distribution network. The complexity of urban planning leads to the development of new tools and methodologies. Until now, operation was poorly integrated in the design phase. New urban building energy modeling tools were proposed by the different authors. These tools are either based on co-simulations or integrated solutions to be able to capture the fine dynamics of a district. The difficulty of generating the input data for the models was also discussed. Regarding the methodology, most articles proposed a two-stage optimization procedure to optimize both the operational and design aspects. Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and genetic algorithms were often used to find optimal solutions.
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Energy and Development
This book explores the complex relationship between energy and development and discusses the core issues and concepts surrounding this growing area of research and policy. In the field of energy and development, the world faces two major challenges: (1) Providing energy access to the roughly one billion people worldwide who do not have access to electricity and the nearly three billion people worldwide who do not have access to clean cooking fuels; (2) achieving socioeconomic development while limiting global atmospheric temperature increases to 2 degrees Celsius to mitigate climate change.Taking stock of progress, Frauke Urban explores the key issues surrounding these goals and addresses the policy responses aimed at ending energy poverty and achieving sustainable development.She outlines various options for delivering energy access, analyses past and prospective energy transitions and examines the social, environmental, economic and technological implications of these possibilities.Taking a holistic and multi-disciplinary approach and containing useful teaching resources, Energy and Development provides a comprehensive overview of this complex field of study. This book will be a great resource for postgraduate and undergraduate students, scholars, practitioners and policymakers working in the fields of energy studies, international development, environmental studies, industrial engineering, as well as social sciences that relate to energy and development.
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Wave Energy Devices : Design, Development, and Experimental Studies
Designing offshore wave energy converter (WEC) devices requires a thorough understanding of many aspects of science and engineering, namely, wave hydrodynamics, wave-WEC interactions, mechanical design, analysis tools, and conducting experiments.This book provides the tools for understanding these complex systems and addresses the basic concepts of WECs through detailed analysis and design.A few devices developed and experimentally investigated are discussed in detail, some of which are considered highly novel and still in the preliminary stages of study in the existing literature. FEATURES Offers numerous detailed design methods and practical model studies Presents analysis of the dynamic response behavior of WECs based on experimental studies on scale models Covers the most recent and novel innovations in the field Includes a discussion of offshore wind farms as a green energy alternative and examines their conceptual development and designThis book serves as a useful guide for both academicians and professionals in naval architecture and offshore engineering as well as in civil and structural engineering.In addition, it helps in the understanding of structural behavior in terms of risk criteria, efficiency, service life, and reliability.Readers will gain a comprehensive knowledge of the design and development of offshore wave energy devices and the preliminary design of offshore wind turbines, which are currently largely absent in the scientific literature.
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Optimization in Sustainable Energy : Methods and Applications
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Isn't thermal energy kinetic energy?
Thermal energy is actually a form of internal energy within a system due to the motion of its particles. While kinetic energy is associated with the motion of an object as a whole, thermal energy is related to the random motion of particles within a substance. So, while thermal energy involves kinetic energy at the microscopic level, it is not the same as the kinetic energy of an object in motion.
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Rockstar Energy or Monster Energy?
The choice between Rockstar Energy and Monster Energy ultimately comes down to personal preference. Both brands offer a variety of flavors and caffeine levels to suit different tastes and energy needs. Some may prefer the bold and intense flavors of Monster Energy, while others may prefer the slightly milder taste of Rockstar Energy. It's best to try both and see which one you enjoy more.
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Is fusion energy nuclear energy?
Yes, fusion energy is a form of nuclear energy. Fusion occurs when two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. This process is the same as the one that powers the sun and other stars, and it is a type of nuclear reaction. Therefore, fusion energy is a form of nuclear energy, but it differs from the nuclear fission process used in traditional nuclear power plants.
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What are the development possibilities for energy generation in the USA?
The USA has several development possibilities for energy generation. One possibility is the expansion of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. This could involve increasing the installation of solar panels and wind turbines, as well as investing in new hydroelectric projects. Another possibility is the advancement of energy storage technologies to better integrate intermittent renewable energy sources into the grid. Additionally, the development of advanced nuclear reactors and carbon capture technologies could also play a role in the future of energy generation in the USA. Overall, the USA has the potential to continue diversifying its energy generation sources and transitioning towards a more sustainable and resilient energy system.
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Analytics and Optimization for Renewable Energy Integration
The scope of this book covers the modeling and forecast of renewable energy and operation and planning of power system with renewable energy integration.The first part presents mathematical theories of stochastic mathematics; the second presents modeling and analytic techniques for renewable energy generation; the third provides solutions on how to handle the uncertainty of renewable energy in power system operation.It includes advanced stochastic unit commitment models to acquire the optimal generation schedule under uncertainty, efficient algorithms to calculate the probabilistic power, and an efficient operation strategy for renewable power plants participating in electricity markets.
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Optimization Methods for Integrating Energy and Production Systems : Hardware development and applications to fuel cell materials
The key measure to mitigate climate change is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.Hereby, energy-intensive industry plays a key role due to its substantial greenhouse gas emissions.A substantial share of these greenhouse gas emissions is caused by energy supply.Thus, energy supply needs to be more efficient in industry. In large industrial sites, on-site energy systems often supply production systems.Both systems thereby optimize their operation with respect to an objective such as operational cost or revenue.This thesis provides optimization methods for these large industrial sites.The optimization methods reflect two relationships between both systems: Both systems can either follow the same objective or system-specific objectives.The same objective exists, e.g., if both systems belong to one company.System-specific objectives exist, e.g., if both systems belong to different companies. For the case that both systems follow the same objective, a method is presented for the integrated synthesis of both systems.For the same case, a method is presented for integrated scheduling to provide control reserve.For the case that energy and production systems have system-specific objectives, two cases are distinguished: incomplete and complete information exchange.For incomplete information exchange, an optimization method is introduced for the coordination between a single energy and a single production system.This optimization method is then extended to multiple energy and multiple production systems.For complete information exchange between the systems, a bilevel problem is formulated.For solving the bilevel problem, an existing solution algorithm is adapted. All methods presented in this thesis are applied to case studies, and advantages and disadvantages are examined.The case studies show that no method provides the optimal solution for the production system in all identified relationships between the systems.Thus, depending on the case at hand, the respective optimization method has to be applied.Overall, this thesis presents optimization methods for all identified relationships between energy and production systems.Thus, this thesis enables the selection of a suitable optimization method for all kind of production systems with decentralized energy supply.
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Energy Security and Sustainable Development
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Automated Optimization-Based Synthesis of Distributed Energy Supply Systems
In this thesis, two novel synthesis methodologies are proposed to facilitate the use of optimization for efficient and reliable DESS synthesis, thus making optimization accessible for practitioners: The automated superstructure-based and the superstructurefree synthesis methodology.The proposed methodologies avoid both the a priori definition of a superstructure and the manual definition of many technology-specific replacement rules while accounting for the major characteristics inherent to DESS synthesis problems.The superstructure-based framework (chapter 4) relies on an algorithm for automated superstructure-generation.The method employs a successive superstructure expansion and optimization strategy that continuously increases the number of units included in the superstructure until the optimal solution is identified.The superstructure-free approach (chapter 5) combines evolutionary optimization and deterministic optimization for simultaneous alternatives generation and optimization.A knowledge-integrated mutation operator is proposed that relies on a hierarchically-structured graph, the so-called energy conversion hierarchy (ECH).The ECH efficiently defines all reasonable replacement rules, thus avoiding their manual definition.The mutation operator performs structural replacements for the evolutionary generation of solution alternatives.Both synthesis methodologies use a generic component-based modeling framework, thus making the methodologies independent of the employed mathematical programming formulation.In this thesis, a robust MILP formulation is used that allows to simultaneously optimize the structure, sizing, and operation of distributed energy supply systems accounting for time-varying load profiles, continuous equipment sizing, economy of scale of equipment investment, and part-load equipment performance.
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What requires more energy: potential energy?
Potential energy generally requires more energy to be released or utilized compared to kinetic energy. This is because potential energy is stored energy that is not actively being used, so it requires an input of energy to be converted into kinetic energy or other forms of energy. For example, lifting an object to a certain height increases its potential energy, and it requires energy input to lift the object against the force of gravity. In contrast, kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and once an object is in motion, it requires less additional energy to maintain that motion.
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Do you have an idea for an energy transfer chain that includes kinetic energy, electrical energy, potential energy, and thermal energy?
One possible energy transfer chain could start with kinetic energy from a moving object, such as a car. This kinetic energy could be converted into electrical energy through regenerative braking, which captures the kinetic energy and converts it into electricity. The electrical energy could then be stored in a battery or used to power an electric motor, which could then convert the electrical energy back into kinetic energy to move the car. As the car moves uphill, the kinetic energy could be converted into potential energy, and as the brakes are applied, the kinetic energy could be converted into thermal energy due to friction.
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What are examples of the conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy, magnetic energy, and mechanical energy?
An example of the conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy is the process of charging a battery. When an electrical current is applied to a battery, it causes a chemical reaction that stores energy in the form of chemical bonds. An example of the conversion of electrical energy into magnetic energy is the operation of an electromagnet. When an electric current flows through a coil of wire, it creates a magnetic field around the coil. Lastly, an example of the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is seen in electric motors. When electricity is supplied to a motor, it generates a magnetic field that interacts with the motor's coils, causing them to rotate and produce mechanical motion.
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Why does aerobic energy production require more energy than anaerobic energy production?
Aerobic energy production requires more energy than anaerobic energy production because it involves the use of oxygen to break down glucose completely, resulting in a higher yield of ATP (energy) per molecule of glucose. In contrast, anaerobic energy production does not require oxygen and only partially breaks down glucose, leading to a lower yield of ATP. The additional steps and processes involved in aerobic energy production make it more efficient but also require more energy input.
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